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Grammar

Verbs

Present Perfect

Irregular Forms

The following list shows the irregular forms of the past participle which you have to use. With these forms, at least the stem vocal changes. Please take into consideration that not every verb is conjugated with the auxiliary verb "haben". Some verbs are conjugated with the verb "sein".

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Form	German	Phonetic Script	English
infinitive	zwingen	['tsvɪŋən]	to force/to compel
1. person singular	ich habe gezwungen	[ɪç 'ha:bə gə'tsvʊŋən]	I have forced
2. person singular	du hast gezwungen	[du: hast gə'tsvʊŋən]	you have forced
3. person singular	er/sie/es hat gezwungen	[e:ɐ/zi:/ɛs hat gə'tsvʊŋən]	he/she/it has forced
1. person plural	wir haben gezwungen	[vi:ə 'ha:bən gə'tsvʊŋən]	we have forced
2. person plural	ihr habt gezwungen	[i:ə ha:pt gə'tsvʊŋən]	you have forced
3. person plural	sie haben gezwungen	[zi: 'ha:bən gə'tsvʊŋən]	they have forced
polite form	Sie haben gezwungen	[zi: 'ha:bən gə'tsvʊŋən]	you have forced
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